This is Bismuth (Bi). It is element 83, and it was discovered by Claude François Geoffroy in 1753. Many scientists believed that it was a form of lead but he proved that it was different, becoming the official discoverer although the it was actually discovered during the 15th century. The name "Bismuth" comes from the German word "weissmuth" which means "white substance", probably because of its white oxide. It was then latinized to form the more commonly known "Bismuth".
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http://www.chemicool.com/elements/bismuth.html
http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele083.html
As previously said, the atomic number of Bismuth is 83, meaning that it has 83 protons. It also has 83 electrons, 126 neutrons, and an average atomic mass of 208.9804. Bismuth also has 33 isotopes, none of them being stable.
http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/bi.html
http://www.chemicool.com/elements/bismuth.html
Bismuth is used for many things, such as a replacement for lead in bullets and medicine. Medicines using Bismuth help treat nausea, stomach pain, and diarrhea. Bismuth can also be mixed with other metals to create low-melting alloys. These alloys are then used for things such as automatic fire sprinkler systems and electrical fuses.
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http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele083.html
http://www.chemicool.com/elements/bismuth.html
DID YOU KNOW?
The reason Bismuth is so colorful is because of light interference in the thin oxide layer outside of the crystal. This oxide layer rests on the surface of the crystal, giving it the colorful look.
FUN FACT!
Because Bismuth repels magnets, when placed between two powerful magnetic objects it levitates. Check out this video to see it in action! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnbfGaqNvjU
http://www.is.mpg.de/8013983/03_Oxidation_and_Structure_Formation_at_Surfaces
http://www.chemicool.com/elements/bismuth.html