ABC's of the Civil War and Reconstruction Jywell O. San Jose
Abolitionist
Were the people in the North and South who wanted to end slavery. They were anti-slavery. They came from different backgrounds and opposed slavery for various reasons: some of them reminded people that the American Revolution had been fought in the name of liberty, some believed that African Americans should recieve the same treatment as white Americans, some of them wants to send freed African Americans to Africa to start new colonies. They also published abolitionist newspaper, it is called the Liberator. They have American Anti-Slavery Society they are the ones who wants immediate emancipation and racial equality for African Americans. But still the bothe the Anti-slavery Society and Liberator support to free African Americans.
Black Codes
In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866 during Reconstruction, after the Civil War. These laws had the purpose and the effect of limiting the African-Americans freedom, and rights. They required African Americans to sign work contracts which is similar to those under slavery. In addition, African Americans are not allowed to rent property except in cities.
Compromise of 1850
Is a set of laws, passed in the middle of the argument between groups that favoring slavery and groups that against it, they want to give the both sides what they want. This compromise admitted California to become part of the United States as a "free state" that means (no slavery state) but allowed some newly acquired territories to decide on slavery for themselves.
Daniel Webster
Was a American lawyer and statesman, he spoke out against nullification and states' rights. Webster was elected a New Hampshire congressman in 1813. He later served as a Massachusetts congressman and senator. He believed that the welfare of the nation should override that of individual states.
Emancipation Proclamation
Is a proclamation made by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that all slaves under the Confederacy were from then on “forever free.” This is freeing the slaves in those territories still rebeling against the Union. This proclamation did not stop slavery in the border states. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. The proclamation went into effect on January 1, 1863.
Fourteenth Amendment & Fifteenth Amendment
- Fourteenth amendment
Is the amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.
- Fifteenth amendment
Was ratified by the states in 1870 and also gave Congress the power to enforce such rights against governments that sought to undermine this guarantee through the enactment of appropriate legislation. Enforcement was, however, difficult as states employed grandfather clauses and other eligibility requirements to maintain racial discrimination in the electoral process.
Gettysburg Battle
Gettysburg Battle, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. After a great victory over Union forces at Chancellorsville, General Robert E. Lee marched his Army of Northern Virginia into Pennsylvania in late June 1863.
House Divided Speech
The House Divided Speech was an address given by Abraham Lincoln on June 16, 1858, at what was then the Illinois State Capitol in Springfield, upon accepting the Illinois Republican Party's nomination as that state's United States senator.
Ironclads
Was a steam-propelled warship fitted with plates of iron armor. Ironclads warships are built to fight other ships, and to attack forces on land.There are the main reasons. First, the ironclads were some of the first ships in history to be armored with metal and propelled by steam instead of by the wind. Second, the Civil War is an important part of American history.
Jeffereson Davis
Was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America, was a planter, politician and soldier born in Kentucky and raised in Mississippi. He attended college in Kentucky at Transylvania before entering the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1824. Davis was a popular President with the Southern people. He had a dignified relevance, a well-known military record, a complete experience in political affairs, and most importantly he is dedicated to the Confederate cause.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This act allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30. This act was passed to Congress on May 30, 1854.
Lincoln's 1861 & 1865 Inaugural Addresses
- 1861
Is a petition to keep southern states from separating from the Union and to avoid the coming Civil War, delivered as he entered office during the time causing a lot of disagreement in U.S. history.
- 1865
Is engrave, along with the The Gettysburg Address, in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Lincoln’s second inaugural address was a conclusion to the address at Gettysburg, honoring the fallen and reflecting on the guilt and loss of a nation.
Missouri Compromise
This compromise, was plan by Henry Clay, was agreed to by the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress and passed as a law in 1820.
Northern States
Northern states, known as the Union, were far more urbanized and more populated during the Civil War. They had a population close to 23 million. This worked in their favor during the War and also helped them win it. The list of Union states were California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Wisconsin. Three new states namely Kansas, Nevada and West Virginia joined the already existing large number of northern states during the War.
Ordnance
Is referred to military firearms: gun tubes, ammunition, auxiliary equipment, armor, vehicles, large heavy guns on wheel supporting the immediate firing process. In 1812 Congress created a U.S. Army Ordnance Department to operate them. The navy had been given an Ordnance Bureau in 1842 but continued to rely heavily on army and civilian producers.
Popular Sovereignty
Is a set of ideas that the right of the people living in a newly organized territory to decide by vote of their territorial legislature whether or not slavery would be permitted there. People are the only source of government power. Voting is the way of knowing what is the majority of the people wants.
Quartermasters
The Quartermaster Corps traces its origins to 16 June 1775. Quartermaster is an army officer who provides clothing and supplies for soldier or a navy officer who is in charge of the steering of a ship and the use of signals on a ship. During the Civil War, Major General Montgomery C. Meigs lead the Quartermaster Department as it expanded to support an Army over 900,000 strong. Quartermasters purchased clothing, equipment, animals, and services at an unprecedented pace. They operated a system of field depots and a transportation network to deliver the goods to the Soldiers. In 1862 they have the responsibility for burial of war dead and care of national cemeteries.
Reconstruction
Reconstructiorefers to the period in United States history immediately following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union. The Union victory during the Civil War in 1865 may have given some 4 million slaves their freedom, but the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period.
Sectionalism
Sectionalism disagreement, division of the U.S. based on geographic religions, politics, and economy. A devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole. It is also favoring the interests of one section or region over the interests of the entire country. For example about the Divided Nation, slavery, and Union vs Confederate.
Thirteenth Amendment
The Constitution declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally abolishing slavery in the United States, the 13th Amendment was passed by the Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865.
Union
During the American Civil War, the Federal Government was generally referred to as the Union, although the terms “United States,” “Federals,” the “North" were also used. Supported by 20 Free States and five Border States, the Union was comprised of: California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana,Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Ohio,Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin
Vicksburg (SIEGE)
The Battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi, also called the Siege of Vicksburg, was the final result of a long land and naval campaign by Union forces to capture a key strategic position during the American Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln recognized the significance of the town situated on a 200-foot bluff above the Mississippi River. He said, "Vicksburg is the key, the war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket." Capturing Vicksburg would sever the Trans-Mississippi Confederacy from that east of the Mississippi River and open the river to Northern traffic along its entire length
Wade - Davis Bill
The Wade Davis Bill was passed by Congress on July 2, 1864. The Wade Davis Bill was sponsored by radical Republican senators Benjamin F. Wade and Henry W. Davis, and outlined far stricter requirements for re-admission to the United States during the reunification period of Reconstruction. The Wade Davis Bill was a response in opposition to President Lincoln's lenient Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction and his Ten Percent Plan. The Wade Davis Bill was pocket vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln and never took effect.
Xenophobia
Xenophobia is the racial inequality, was in the midst of the American Civil War. Xenophobia existed in Northern states, before the Civil War, but for different reasons than it had in the South. Southern slave owners and Northerners fought a war of convictions with the Black slave caught in the middle. The Southern business leaders were experiencing a flourishing economy as a result the repression of the African. Northerners saw slavery as an unfair advantage for Southern business and the Black foreigner brought to America as an economic threat.
Yankees
During the Civil War, and even after the war came to an end, Yankee was a term used by Southerners to describe their rivals from the Union, or northern, side of the conflict. Sometimes it is a negative description, sometimes it is playful. But before the American Civil War "YANKEE" was used by the British to refer to the American colonists.
Zouavet
1859 that the first widely publicized American Zouave unit was formed. This organization, the United States Zouave Cadets (a company of the 60th Regiment, Illinois State Militia), was created from a moribund Chicago volunteer company by Elmer E. Ellsworth, a young idealist with a military persuasion