Abstract
the university of Virginia has worked closely with the office of sustainability to come up with a clear and ambitious goal for the community's future sustainability plans, especially regarding renewable energy to deplete our carbon footprint in the atmosphere.
As stated on the sustainability office's main website to emphasize the efficiency of particularly solar energy,
"The amount of sunlight that hits the earth's surface every hour contains enough energy to power the whole planet for a year."
uva has already begun implementing solar energy into the framework of several of its buildings, such as the uvA Bookstore, Clemons Library, Ruffner Hall and Skipwith Hall. it is important to establish independence from fossil fuel-generated electricity and decrease our greenhouse gas emissions for not only our present planet but for future generations to come.
we wish to foster increased participation in sustainability-led movements and going-green practices by implementing solar powered charging stations throughout grounds, to not only assist students in remaining properly engaged in their studies, but also contribute to the larger advantageous phenomena of a cleaner, healthier planet.
empathize
who are our target users?
the community we wish to assist is not only composed of students of the university of Virginia, but also staff and visitors of grounds as well.
defining our problem:
we want to help students, staff, and visitors alike to embrace sustainable efforts within the uva community.
because of uva's technological emphasis for students as well as staff, we thought to assist with the hardship of maintaining a connection while prioritizing academics, work & personal life.
by allowing a convenient, efficient, abundant and easily accessible sustainability-driven charger for students, staff and visitors on grounds, the uva community can not only drive the sustainability and going-green effort but also simultaneously stay connected with their professors and peers without interruption.
ideating solutions:
- Feeling out the audience with this initial survey:
2. After reviewing feedback, we brainstormed places On Grounds that corresponded to a majority of where people wanted to charge their devices most. We at first concluded that by bus stops would be the best place, as students often waited long increments of time before transiting and could benefit from the multi-tasking of charging while standing. Bus stations were also primarily in central Grounds where most classes were, so students could additionally benefit from the proximity.
3. However, because solar panels needed to be in places where there is adequate direct sunlight, we felt that mounting charging ports or implementing stationary charging locations in these walkways would be too inefficient.
4. The second most requested location for these solar powered chargers were by dining halls, as most students and visitors frequently ate while on their devices either socializing or completing work. Traditional dining halls such as O-Hill, Newcomb, and Runk have very limited access to sunlight unless one is able to be on the upper-most floor of the building or snatch a window-seat. We wanted to make these chargers as available and abundant as possible, and so we decided to settle on a location that was both popular and equally requested: the Castle
the Castle was a highly requested place for charger implementation because it is a hot-spot for grabbing lunch on-the-go between classes or even on the way home after a long day. People not only come to eat but also to socialize and work on their assignments or catch up on readings in the great outdoors as opposed to being stifled in their rooms.
researching solar power
We found a portable solar charger for "any device that comes with a USB end cord", which was our starting point in establishing a basis for wattage requirements as well as cost limitations. As can be seen on the cover, this solar panel holds only 1.5 Watts, and requires a 6-Hour charge time to FULLY charge a device. That being said, we could assume 3 Watts would only require a 3-Hour charge time, etc. We, of course, for full practicality of a solar charge usage wouldn't need to fully charge a device, just simply allowing the user to turn their phone back on in a relatively quick manner---5-10 minutes or less.
If we wanted to think about what Fang suggested about a lock-box structure where the user simply locks up their phone/device before they go to class and pick up their fully-charged phone/device afterward, we could also make a design for this as well. This was only listed as $29.95 on Amazon, so this can give us an estimate about...
wattage : cost | ratio
- 1.5 Watts = 6-Hr Charge
- 3.0 Watts = 3-Hr Charge
- 4.5 Watts = 1.5-Hr Charge
- 6.0 Watts = 45min...1-Hr Charge
We did some complementary research on other products at different Wattages. In particular, we found this 3-Watt Solar Panel Battery Charger at this site:
A customer reviewing the product said it was able to charge their device from 0% to 20% in only 30 minutes, and this is from a 3-Watt Solar Panel. Following along this pattern, then 1 Hr Charge = 40% Battery, 1.5 Hr Charge = 60% Batery, 2 Hr Charge = 80% Battery, and 2.5 Hr Charge = 100% Battery. The original estimate was that 3.0 Watts would take about 3 hours to charge a device fully, but it seems even that time can be decreased.
prototyping and designs
Our original idea envisioned students hanging out at the Castle charging their devices with our solar charging table/station. The first two sketches are potential designs for the solar charging table. However, after conducting research into cost and feasibility, we realized it was unnecessary to build a completely new table when the Castle already has outdoor seating and tables. Why not modify them?
The two most important components of our design are the solar panels and the charging ports which users connect their devices to. We designed these as two separate parts which could be joined to a preexisting table. The solar panel has a hollow cylindrical attachment which can be fitted over the top of the table's umbrella pole. The charging port is also fitted around the pole but near the tabletop's surface so users can easily plug in their devices. Wires will run down the pole connecting the solar panel to the charging port.
By simplifying our design into two parts, we reduced the cost of our idea while increasing convenience and still reaching our end goal of providing users with solar energy to charge their devices.
feedback
We received largely positive responses to our second, more targeted survey seeking feedback on our design. 77% of respondents studied outside at UVA at least occasionally and 86% of respondents sometimes needed to charge their devices while on Grounds. In addition, 100% of respondents said they would be willing to use the charging facility for 30 minutes or longer while eating or studying. This indicates that a large potential user base exists and that their needs match what our project could offer them without requiring them to significantly modify their habits.
complications of testing in the world of covid-19
At the beginning of the semester we would have been hard-pressed to predict the dramatic changes that would befall our world and this program due to COVID-19. It would have been easy to let this project fall by the wayside, but thanks to support from the program we were able to continue to plan for this project’s eventual implementation.
We ran into several unexpected challenges in our iterative design process post-Spring Break, the two most significant of which were our inabilities to monitor normal student usage of the Castle in person and create a physical prototype. We worked around these issues through an additional survey of students and more detailed computer modeling, but look forward to eventually returning to Grounds and working as originally planned.
improvements we could implement:
We made adjustments throughout the design process to continually improve our idea. Most significantly, we simplified our idea to two individual and customizable parts: the solar panel and the charging port. Other improvements include placing the cord within the umbrella pole rather than outside of it and using a circular charging port instead of a larger square one.
A future improvement we could implement would be the addition of a lock box. This gives students the option of securely locking their phones in a box near the charging port for a short period of time. Students could charge their phones during classes for a few hours using clean energy.
Another improvement would be implementing a solar panel battery into our design. Our current design of the solar charger only has the ability to charge electronics during the day when there is direct sunlight overhead. Thus, the charger's availability is limited by the sunlight. The addition of a battery to store excess charge would allow the charger to function regardless of the weather and time of day.
izabelle mcreynolds | 1st year | lessons learned
As my first ever year attending an institution of higher education is finally complete, I can say I have had one of the most fulfilling years of my life. Even with loads of other responsibilities, applying for this fellowship was an extremely crucial opportunity for me, and I am so thankful I reached out to it with grasping arms. I have not only made fantastic connections with my fellows, but also with our lovely supervisor Fang. The fellows I have worked with are so incredibly gifted and genuine, and I know they are all set for amazing things. Fang is wonderfully sweet and engaging us in her passions is always a priority for her. She is not only a hardworking mother but a determined and focused worker as well, which I admire greatly. The bonds I have made with these coworkers of mine will be carried on with me for the rest of my life, so I am very grateful for having met them and worked alongside them.
I've expanded my knowledge on MakerSpace technology tremendously through trainings and activities for AR/VR spaces, 3D Modeling and Printing sessions, as well as FabLab workshops such as woodcutting. These are intriguing opportunities I would never have had the chance to experience previously, and they have only increased my enthusiasm about engaging in my major and future STEM career.
From the bottom of my heart, I thank the WMP for this experience.
theo o'neill | 2nd year | lessons learned
I applied to this fellowship without many expectations of being accepted to the program as I hadn’t had any substantive makerspace experience before. Now, at the tail end of the year, I am so glad and grateful that the library staff was generous enough to trust me with this opportunity. I have grown as both a leader and a designer and discovered a passion for 3D printing that I am excited to continue to pursue.
I am very appreciative of Fang and the other library staff for the abundant amount of time and energy they put into making this fellowship a success, and am especially thankful for the five other wonderful fellows with whom I have forged meaningful relationships. Thank you WMP!
georgia white | 2nd year | lessons learned
I'm extraordinarily grateful for the opportunities provided to me by the WMP fellowship. I've had more experience with makerspace technologies in the past semester than I've had at any other time, and I've been given the tools to continue exploring these technologies on my own. Furthermore, meeting various women in STEM through the speaker series was one of my favorite aspects of the program. Seeing the passion the speakers have for their work built my excitement for the community project and the Girls Scout Day Camp. I realized I don't want to just share my knowledge with others, but also my enthusiasm for STEM.
Lastly, I'm thankful to have met Fang and the other fellows through this program. I'm lucky to have been surrounded by such hard-working and dedicated women this semester, and I'm excited to see what's next for the program.
references/credits
https://sustainability.virginia.edu/sites/sustainability/files/2019-07/UVA_Sustainability_Plan.pdf
3D Modeling: Autodesk Inventor
https://rise.articulate.com/share/DmxmD7VM68lWnB-dNUG6pk8E5-vm8LyV#/lessons/QxL1wlAB4Tbb2gEmrRxP1XLFewrgvvwm
https://www.homedepot.com/p/Nature-Power-3-Watt-Semi-Flex-Monocrystalline-Solar-Panel-and-Battery-Trickle-Charger-56801/204759893
Photo Credits:
- https://wallpaperstock.net/bright-sun-forest-flower-field_wallpapers_43378_2560x1440_1.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Events_Held_on_The_Lawn_at_UVA
- http://induced.info/?s=Academic+Overview++University+of+VirginiaMain+Campus
- https://www.cavalierdaily.com/article/2018/08/the-castle-reopens-as-a-veggie-friendly-restaurant
- https://sustainability.virginia.edu/resources/uva-climate-goals-faqs
- https://sexualassault.uvamagazine.org/ articles/uva_sets_aggressive_sustainability_goals_even_as_it_expands
- https://www.britishprint.com/industry-news/more/25361/royal-mail-research/privacy