Taiga/Coniferous Biome By: ilyssa bornsteIn, Richard morrow, and paige massey
Biomes
What is a biome? A large region that is characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plants and animal communities. They have similar weather, plants, and animals in that one specific region.
How many biomes are there? There is more than one biome! The five major biomes in the world are: aquatic, deserts, forest, grasslands, and tundra.
How do the plants and animals of each biome adapt to their environment? Plants, determine what living organisms live in a biome. They are located in areas that they can survive and adapt in. In addition, living organisms that need that plant to survive are found in that biome too.
Environmental Factors
Not found at all near the Southern Hemisphere because of the narrowing trend of the continents to the North Pole.
Largest biome. Located between 50 degrees latitude north and the arctic circle.
Between the Tundra Biome in the north and the temperate grassland biome in the south.
Soil water stays frozen 5-7 months during the winter season and continues throughout the year.
Precipitation is 12-33 inches per year (30-84 cm); mostly during summer. When raining, it mainly falls as snow.
Average temperature year round is 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius).
Summer it's closer to 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius) and in winter the average temperature is 26.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-3 degrees Celsius).
Winter - most of the year, below freezing. Summer- rainy, "hot", and doesn't last long in the biome. Fall- shortest season of th biome. Spring- animals come out of hibernation, ponds/lakes become unfrozen, flowers bloom.
Because of these weather conditions, permafrost, or a ground that is permanently frozen is found here. Water can't break through the ground.
Animals
Due to the weather conditions of the taiga biome, it is hard for many animals to survive there. Most animals whose habitat is there often hibernate in winter since food is scarce. Other animals, like birds, migrate south. To adapt to this biome many animals have fur, feathers, etc. to survive.
Some animals found in Taiga biome include:
American black bear
Grizzly bear
Bald eagle
Bobcat
Gray wolf
Long-Eared owl
Red fox
River otter
Snowshoe rabbit
Chipmunks
Siberian tiger
Moose
Plants
- The Conifer tree is located in the Taiga Biome. It's needle-like seeds develop into comes (pine cones). The shape of the leaves prevents the tree from loosing water, which is especially important when it's cold and the roots can become frozen.
-Balsam Fir is a small-ish sized treewhich is native to the evergreen tree. They first appear 30-50 years after a natural forest fire. A food source for many animals in the area, such as moose.
Location
The Taiga Biome is located throughout the world. It's located on the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere. It is also in North America, Asia (Siberia and Mongolia) and Europe. It stretches among Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia.
A part of Canada, which is a part of the taiga biome- climograph:
Interrelationships
Relationship between plants and animals:
There are many different forms of relationships in the coniferous forest. These include mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, predation, and competition.
Mutualistic is usually when both organisms benefit such as when fungi and trees come together. The fungi produce minerals for the tree and the tree produces food for the fungi.
Commensalism is when 1 organism benefits from the other but the other is not harmed but also gains nothing. An example would be an owl that lives in a tree but does not harm the tree.
Parasitism is when one organism lives in or on another and is then harmed. An example would be a tick and a deer because the tick gains food from the deer but the tick is harming the deer by taking its blood.
Predation is when one organism eats another. An example would be when a wolf hunts an elk.
Competition is when two organisms fight for resources. An example of this would be two bears that are fighting over territory.
Adaptations
Animals
The coniferous forest is not the easiest biome for plants and animals to live in so they've had to adapt to survive in these areas.
Wolverines have adapted for the coniferous forests by being omnivorous animals since food can be scarce. They eat plants and berries during the summer months and are known for eating caribou and elk during winter months.
The snowshoe hare has adapted to living in the coniferous forest by changing the color of its fur depending what season it is.
Wood frogs have adapted to life in the coniferous forest by hibernating during the winter months. 75% of its body has been know to be frozen during hibernation but when it starts to warm up, the frog thraws out and resumes normal activity.
Plants
A flower called the columbine has adapted to being eaten and any forest fires because they can reproduce extremely fast.
Blue spruce trees have adapted to their environment by being able to grow in soil with high PH levels and during droughts.
Poison oak has adapted to its environment by being able to survive in warm and cold weather and able to fend off predators because it has the same,e affect on most animals as it does on humans.
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South Florida
The everglades can be considered part of the grasslands and savanas biome.
The rest of South Florida can be considered coniferous forest.
Sources
"National Geographic: Images of Animals, Nature, and Cultures." National Geographic: Images of Animals, Nature, and Cultures. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2016
"Basic Facts About Black Bears." Defenders of Wildlife. N.p., 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 10 Feb. 2016.
"Taiga Biomes." Taiga Biomes. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2016.
"Coniferous Forest : Mission: Biomes." Coniferous Forest : Mission: Biomes. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2016.