The Open-Field System was important because it was the main farming system of the 17th century. It was needed becuase communities used itto grow food. It became inneficient when they had to leave several fields fallow per year. The peasants were heavily taxed.

Crop Rotation was important because it was a much more sophisticated and effiecient way of farming. They eliminated the fallow by alternating grain with nitrogen-storing crops such as beans, turnips, potatoes, clovers, and grasses. These crops were systematically rotated with grains. This led to more methodical and advanced farming.

Charles Townshend was a pioneer of the crop rotation movement in England. He implemented the dutch way of planting nitrogen-rich crops to replenish the soil instead of fallowing the fields. His most famously rotated crop was the turnip. Some people even nicknamed him "Turnip Townshend".

The Agricultural Revolution was important because the peasants revolted and took land from those who owned it but did no labor. Great agricutural progress was made during this time. The fallow, or idling of a field to replenish nutrients, was gradually eliminated.

The Dutch became early leaders of farming because they were very densely populated and had to figure out better ways to farm to sustain their population. They increased their amount of arable land by draining off swamps and marshes. This drained land was extremely fertile. The rapid population growth greatly stimulated the economy and commerce with Dutch peasants. They started markets where they would sell their goods.

Enclosure was first proposed because consolidated, compact, and fenced-in fields would make farming more effective. This also meant that the village's common would be enclosed. The peasants didn't want enclosure because it took away their land. The nobles didn't want enclosure because they would have to invest a lot of money for the fences and purchases of land.

Proletarianization took peasant farmers and made them into landless, overworked, wage earners for that land. English and Scottish landwoners became competitive with middle-sized farmers who rilied on thr landless laborers to do their work. The emergence of these landless rural workers was one of the major historical developments in England.

Jethro Tull was critical toward traditional farming methods and tried to develop new ones. He advocated the use of horses for plowing, instead of oxen who were much slower. He also was enthusiastic about sowing seed with drilling equipment, which would distribute seed in an even manner, instead of scattering it by hand. These improvements helped start the radical transformation of Englsih agriculture in the mid-1700s.

Robert Bakewell was one of the first people to introduce selective breeding. This created larger, faster, and healthier livestock. This was a large improvement from the careless breeding of the past.

The industrious revolution was a period of time in which families of Northwestern shifted to a focus of wage earning rather than production of household goods. Even the women and children were much more focused on earning money to buy consumer goods. These families were less self-sufficient economically, but this increased their ability to purchase different goods.

In the 1600s, the population growth in England slowed and eventually stopped. The population's tremendous pressure on resources was taking a toll. There were too many people and not enough resources. Famine (due to crop failures), epidemic disease, and war were the leading causes of the population crisis. In the 1700s, the population began to grow rapidly. Woman were having morechildren because they could marry earlier due to new employment oppurtunities in the rural industry. Also, more people were just living to older ages because of the disappearance of the bubonic plague, improvements in the water supply and sewage, the lowered number of disease-spreading insects due to swamp drainage, and increased human knowledge on how to safeguard the food supply.

The cottage industry was a period during the industrial revolution in which merchants produced goods in their homes for sale in a market. The putting out system was mainly used between merchant capitalists and rural workers. The merchant would loan raw materials out to cottage workers. These systems were advantageous because poor peasants and landless laborers would work for low prices.

Artisinal production was organized into guilds. Each of these guilds was the main area of their trade. They could train apprentices and hire workers. This was a more organized form of production and it targeted the skills of individuals and allowed them to work together with other people with the same skills.

Adam Smith was not a supporter of guilds. Economic Liberalism was based on Adam Smith's beliefs. He believed that free competition would be beneficial to all social classes. This allowed individuals to make decisions about their money and economy rather than all of those decisions being made by a big government.

In 1994, farmers began using satellite technology to plan and check their farming practices. Genetically modified organisms have led to more efficient and productive farms. New irrigation systems and new technologies with tractors and transportation have revolutionized agriculture in the Western world in the past 50 years.

America and Western Europe are hotspots for agricultural tade, food production, and food consumption. Large industrial farms with modern technology produce massive amounts of many different crops, poultry, and several other types of meats.

Undeveloped countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America do not yet have much access to modern technology. They produce low yeilds compared to developed countries such as the United States and different Western European countries because of their lack of modern farming equipment and advanced science. Irrigation is a struggle because many undeveloped countried have issues with accessing clean water as it is. Production takes much longer than it would with modern technology.

There are food shortages around the world because of a lack of arable land. There are issues with distribution of food. There are many droughts and poor farming practices. There are plant diseases and problems with crops. One solution is to stop the production of unnecessary things like biofuels and use that land to produce more food. Another solution is to have larger countries waste less and aid more to smaller countries.

Climate change is extremely effecting on the agriculture industry. Rising sea levels, due to global warming and the melting of large glaciers, cause more loss of arable land. Greenhouse gasses can cause extreme weather. There are severe droughts in places like Australia and California. In Australia, a farmer suicide occurs every four days becuase their drought is so severe and their production is so low.