SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.
Sedimentary rocks have three different types of rocks Inorganic, Chemical, Bioclasstic
The layers are deposited in many environments including oceans, rivers and deserts. These layers of sand and mud are later buried. The weight of overlying layers compresses the mud and sand to form solid rock. Because sedimentary rocks begin to form at the Earth's surface, they tell us about ancient landscapes.
There are three basic types of sedimentary rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and shale are formed from mechanical weathering debris.
Chemical sedimentary rock forms when mineral constituents in solution become supersaturated and inorganically precipitate. Common chemical sedimentary rocks include oolitic limestone and rocks composed of evaporite minerals, such as halite (rock salt), sylvite, barite and gypsum
The sediment in an organic sedimentary rock is made of fossils! The hard parts of animals, such as bones and shells, can become cemented together over time to make rock. Usually the bones and shells are made of calcite, or similar minerals, and the organic rock that is made from them is called limestone.
Breccia is a rock composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock cemented together by a fine-grained matrix that can be similar to or different from the composition of the fragments.
the Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock. Igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals.
Igneous Rocks
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
These atoms and molecule rearrange themselves into mineral grains as the magma cools, forming rock as the mineral grains grow together. There are over 700 different types of igneous rocks.
some of the main igneous rocks are basalt, granite, pumice, obsidian, tuff, diorite, gabbro and andesite.
These rocks can be identified by their textures, mineral content, and color. foe examples glassy texture, fine-grained (aphanitic texture), coarse-grained (phaneritic), texturemixed grain sizes (large and small), very large grain size (larger than 1/2 inch)
Igneous Rock are found on the Face of the Earth.on the earth's surface, there are three types of rocks, metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous. In northern Canada, much of the hard rock found is igneous rock. Igneous rock is rock formed by the hardening and crystallization of molten material that originates deep within the earth
An Extrusive igneous rock cools very fast on the surface and is created by lava. Since the cooling process is very fast extrusive igneous rocks have very small crystals (fine grained). On the other hand an Intrusive igneous rock cools very slowly beneath the surface and is created by magma.
Metamorphic rocks
A metamorphic rock is a result of a transformation of a pre-existing rock. The original rock is subjected to very high heat and pressure, which cause obvious physical and/or chemical changes. Examples of these rock types include marble, slate, gneiss, schist.
Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth's crust and are classified by texture and by chemical and mineral assemblage (metamorphic facies). They may be formed simply by being deep beneath the Earth's surface, subjected to high temperatures and the great pressure of the rock layers above it.
There are two basic types of metamorphic rocks. Foliated metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, phyllite, schist, and slate have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure.
Examples of metamorphic rocks include anthracite, quartzite, marble, slate, granulite, gneiss and schist. Anthracite is a type of coal with a high carbon count, few impurities and with a high luster (meaning it looks shiny). Marble is a metamorphic rock that is formed from the sedimentary rock limestone.
Uses of Metamorphic Rocks. Quartzite and marble are commonly used for building materials and artwork. Marble is beautiful for statues and decorative items such as vases (see an example in Figure below). Ground up marble is also a component of toothpaste, plastics, and paper.
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. ... A very strong foliation is called "slaty cleavage".
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Credits:
Created with images by www.metaphoricalplatypus.com - "Rocks" • jared - "untitled image" • James St. John - "Fossiliferous limestone (Cockburn Town Member, Grotto Beach Formation, Upper Pleistocene, 114-127 ka; Cockburn Town Fossil Reef, San Salvador Island, Bahamas) 2" • dsearls - "2015_02_10_lax-ewr_322m" • kevinzim - "rapakivi" • Grand Canyon NPS - "Grand Canyon National Park- Basement Rocks_0201" • James St. John - ""Luna Pearl Granite" (biotite leucogranite, Sardinian-Corsican Batholith, ~280-310 Ma, Late Pennsylvanian to Early Permian; Sardinia)" • kevinzim - "eudialyte" • jimmypk218 - "Old Metamorphic Rock" • James St. John - "Lavender jadeitite (jadeite jade) (Hpakan-Tawmaw Jade Tract, Hpakan Ultramafic Body, Naga-Adaman Ophiolite, Late Jurassic, 147 Ma; alluvial clast (placer jade), upper reaches of the Uyu River, Kachin State, Indo-Burma Range, Burma) 2" • James St. John - "Lapis lazuli (lazuritic metamorphite) (Sar-e-Sang Deposit, Sakhi Formation, Precambrian, 2.4-2.7 Ga (?); Sar-e-Sang Mining District, Hindu-Kush Mountains, Afghanistan) 2" • Me in ME - "Agates" • James St. John - "Gold in quartz (Homestake Mine, Lead, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 1"