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Corn Zea mays

Corn is a grass that originated in Mexico 9,000 years ago from wild Balsas teosinte (Z. mays subspecies parviglumis) was originally called "teosinte" by Native Americans.

Types of corn:

  1. Dent (field corn): low sugar, high starch so great for corn flour (masa) for tortillas and chips. Also used to make strong alcohols (moonshine, bourbon). It has a dent in the top of the kernel, hence the name.
  2. Sweet corn: high in sugar, kernels are milky. This is the corn we load up with butter and enjoy in the summertime.
  3. Flint corn (AKA Indian corn, Native American varieties): high nutrient value, dried to make popcorn, and is also our decorative corn at Halloween. In cooking, corn meal, polenta, hominy, and grits derive from flint corn.
  4. Heirloom corn: rare varieties that are not mass-produced.

Corn structure:

Source: http://pgandp.org/hybridcorn

Corn pollination:

Corn is wind pollinated when tassel pollen (male part called anther) falls on the silks (female part called stigma). A corn plant can produce 2-5 million grains of pollen that can travel up to 500ft (usually only 20-50ft though). The corn kernel is the product of the pollination event with the tassel pollen and ONE silk.

Corn life cycle:

Uses:

  • food (humans and livestock)
  • corn oil
  • high fructose corn syrup
  • corn starch
  • fuel (ethanol)
  • plastic
  • alcohol
USA is the world's biggest corn producer and exports much of the corn to other countries.
Approximately 90 million acres of corn are planted in the US (source: USDA)

Nutrition facts:

Source: Adobe stock (87505605)

Native American story: 3 Sisters (corn, squash, beans)

Recipes

Created By
Danielle Garneau
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Credits:

Created with images by sidneydealmeida - "corn plantation in producing farm" • photollurg - "Green corn plants in cultivated agricultural field "