This is an example of Uniformitarianism because it's not an event that shaped or changed Earth forever. It's just something that happens and has kept happening for a long time.

Ocean basins filling up

The Pacific basin is an example of Uniformitarianism because it's something that's there right now. It's not something that happened that was a one time thing, it's there and it will be there for a longer period of time.

Rivers flooding (Mississippi River, 2011)

This is an example of Uniformitarianism because it was an event that slowly changed the earth by overly saturating the ground around the places that flooded. This could have an affect in the future that could have more affect than a flood.

Catastrophism: William Buckland, Cuvier, Adam Sedgwick

Catastrophism is a theory that associates past geological changes with sudden, catastrophic happenings. Early geologists, including William Buckland, Cuvier and Adam Sedgwick claimed that Catastrophism was a sound scientific theory.

The dinosaurs' extinction by a meteorite in the Gulf of Mexico between 230 and 65 million years ago

The Alvarez hypothesis says that the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and many living things was caused by the impact of a large asteroid on the Earth 65 million years ago, called the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.

This is an example of Catastrophism because it was an event that made many species of animals go extinct. Which changed the earth drastically. It also limited the research that we have about past life.

The hypothesis is named after the father and son team of scientists Luis and Walter Alvarez, who first suggested it in 1980.

The breaking of the land bridge that let the Atlantic Ocean pour into the much lower Mediterranean 14,500 years ago.

The land bridge theory, also known as the Bering Strait Theory or Beringia Theory, is a popular model of migration into the New World. This theory was first proposed by José de Acosta in 1590 and has been wildly accepted since the 1930s. It proposes that people migrated from Siberia to Alaska across a land bridge that spanned the current day Bering Strait.

This is an example of Catastrophism because when it broke appart, it changed the evolution of humans. This was because the humans couldn't travel across the land bridge form Syria to Alaska. Humans could look totally different if that land bridge never collapsed.

I can statement #2: I can explain what relative dating is

Definition: Relative dating is the act of determining whether an object or event is older or younger than other objects or events.

Layers of rock show how certain things took place in the past. Using different pieces of information, scientists can find the order in which rock layers formed. Once they know their order, a relative age can be determined for each layer. It does not, however give the rock's age in years. It shows which layers are older and which are younger.

The law of Superposition is the law that states that older layers will be deeper in a site than more recent layers. This was the summary outcome of relative dating as observed in geology from the 17th century to the early 20th century.

Burrows are another kind of trace fossil. Burrows are pathways or shelters made by animals, such as clams on the sea floor or rodents on land, that dig in sediment.

Trace fossils are a fossilized structure that formed in sedimentary rock by animal activity on or in soft sediment.

Tracks are footprints made by animals in soft sediment that later became hard rock. They show a lot about how the animal lived, how big it was and how fast it moved. For example: scientists have found paths of tracks showing that a group of dinosaurs moved in the same direction. This led scientists to hypothesize that some dinosaurs moved in herds.

Type 2: True Form Fossil

True Form Fossil

A fossil formed when the animal's soft tissue or hard parts didn't decay over the years because they are trapped in sap that hardens to Amber, ice or tar is called a true form fossil or original remains. In true form fossils, the whole organism is preserved and the color and shape of the organism remain intact.

Ice is one of the best preservers of the remains of prehistoric life. Huge ice fields in Siberia and Alaska contain the bodies of 10,000 year-old mammoths and rhinos, with bones, muscle, skin and even hair still in place.

Another natural substance that preserves the remains of some living things is amber. Amber forms from resin, a sticky substance inside trees that flows like syrup and protects the tree by trapping insects. If the tree gets buried after it dies, the resin can harden into Amber. Amber can contain the remains of insects and other small organisms.

The original remains of animals have also been found in places where there were pools of tar - a thick, oily liquid. Saber toothed cats and other animals were trapped in the tar and preserved.